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How is it that we can recognize photos from our high school yearbook decades later, but cannot remember what we ate for breakfast yesterday? And why are we inclined to buy more cans of soup if the sign says "LIMIT 12 PER CUSTOMER" rather than "LIMIT 4 PER CUSTOMER?" In Kluge, Gary Marcus argues convincingly that our minds are not as elegantly designed as we may believe. The imperfections result from a haphazard evolutionary process that often proceeds by piling new systems on top of old ones—and those systems don’t always work well together. The end product is a "kluge," a clumsy, cobbled-toget

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Book ID Asin: 054723824X
Book Title: Kluge: The Haphazard Evolution of the Human Mind
Book Author: Gary Marcus
Book Format and Price:
Book Format Name: Kindle
Book Format Price: $14.99
Book Format Name: Paperback
Book Format Price: $14.69
Book Price: $14.69
Book Category: Books, Health, Fitness & Dieting, Psychology & Counseling and unknown
Book Rating: 67 ratings

Kluge: The Haphazard Evolution of the Human Mind by Gary Marcus Book Review

Name: Adam Shomsky
Rating: 3.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Weak evolutionary foundation
Date: Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on April 25, 2010
Review: Kluge a decent book with some interesting points, but overall I didn't think it offered any ground-breaking insights and was not particularly rigorously supported. I don't deny Marcus' main premise, that the brain is an imperfect kluge pieced together by natural selection and many of the traits we have do not promote happiness and wellbeing. But I think he underestimates the adaptive value (at least in a Darwinian sense) of some of the aspects of our brains. It's easy to overlook some subtle advantage of a trait and conclude it has no adaptive value. Gerd Gigerenzer's 

Name: Robert Reid
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: engaging, clear, and thought provoking bible for the armchair evolutionary psychologist
Date: Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on October 28, 2009
Review: As someone who's fairly well-read but not (as several other reviewers of this book) well-versed in the specialty of evolutionary biology, I found this book to be engaging, clear, and thought-provoking. I'd recommend this particularly to those interested in philosophy, psychology, computer programming, and the scientific method. What's most remarkable about this book is that although it delves deeply into many counter-intuitive qualities of human nature, it's utterly readable outside of an academic setting and offers practical advice on understanding of human failure and conflict.

Marcus' basic premise, that the human mind is highly flawed from an "engineering" standpoint, is highly compelling (to be accurate- this premise is based on the research of evolutionary biologists and does not necessarily reflect any originality on Marcus' part). In chapters on Memory, Belief, Choice, Language, and Pleasure, the author attributes many of the foibles of human nature to deficiencies in the human mind based on the fact that culture, deliberate reasoning, and long-term planning (vs. reacting in the moment) did not offer survival advantages over the course of the human being's adaptive evolution. Just a few examples of potential weaknesses described include: 1) a contextual (vs. "postal code") memory resulting in an average of 55 minutes per day looking for things we know we own but can't find; 2) an inflated craving for sugar, fat, salt, and sex based on evolutionary scarcity; 3) a tendency to believe things that fit in with our pre-existing beliefs (i.e., confirmation bias); and 4) a tendency to respond to anecdotes vs. data.

This book is interesting even from a purely philosophical perspective; for example, Marcus notes that "evolution didn't evolve us to be happy; it evolved us to pursue happiness"- hence humanity's often tragic and perpetual pursuit of material wealth far beyond necessity.

Marcus doesn't shy away from prescribing ways to cope with these challenges, and devotes his entire closing chapter to "true wisdom" gained by self-consciousness of our minds' limitations. A few of his suggestions include "anticipate your own impulsivity and pre-commit" for example by choosing your groceries a week in advance and not when you are hungry; "don't make important decisions when you are tired or have other things on your mind." He also addresses more comprehensive and far-reaching strategies for addressing the problems of the human mind, such as offering high school classes on informal argument, spotting fallacies, interpreting statistics, and understanding the difference between correlation and causation. I couldn't agree more- but is that my confirmation bias?

Name: Harvey Reed
Rating: 4.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Almost 5 stars...
Date: Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on October 5, 2014
Review: Good job in portraying how we (might have) evolved to be the interesting and confusing human beings we are today. I say might have, because really, who knows how we got here? It is just short of 5 stars because he spends a bit much on how we are not computers, holding them up as examples of "perfect memory". But if they are, then why is "big data" all the rage, and we are still trying to figure out how to make sense of it? In other words, computers don't have a perfect way to do anything yet either. And BTW we, humans, invented computers, so maybe this is part of our evolution, adding another layer on top of our "carbon-based emotional bag-of-water" foundation?

I highly recommend the book.

Name: Hibernating Hummingbird
Rating: 4.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Postal Code Memory is BRITTLE !
Date: Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on April 27, 2011
Review: This book fills a niche, there is nothing quite like it.
However the author takes the indefensible position, that von-Neumann-computer-like "Postal Code Memory" would be superior to the self-tuning, robust quantum-consciousness-network we've got. Probably he has not done any large-scale computer programming !
FORTUNATELY this "postal code rant" is not woven in, really, you can just ignore it and the rest of the book stands on its own as a great read.

Name: Hassan Shallal
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Very informative and enlightening book by Gary Marcus
Date: Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on May 28, 2015
Review: Kluge is a very well-written and easy-to-read book by Gary Marcus explaining how evolution, similar to any other process, has led to both good and bad consequences. I highly recommend it to those who struggle to learn more about their intellectual and mental shortcomings. I consider it one of the best feedback anyone can get about his/her mental performance. The book can seriously help you put different things in their natural rather than exaggerated perspective.