Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, is often called the Red Planet due to its iron-rich surface, which gives it a reddish hue. It has been a major focus of space exploration as scientists search for signs of past or present life.
Surface and Atmosphere
Mars has a rocky terrain, featuring vast deserts, deep canyons, and the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons. Its thin atmosphere, composed mostly of carbon dioxide, makes it difficult to retain heat, resulting in extreme temperature variations.
Water and Potential for Life
Evidence suggests that Mars once had liquid water, with dry riverbeds, polar ice caps, and underground water reservoirs. Scientists believe that microbial life may have existed billions of years ago and could still exist beneath the surface.
Moons of Mars
Mars has two small, irregularly shaped moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are believed to be captured asteroids. These moons orbit the planet rapidly, with Phobos expected to crash into Mars in the distant future.
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Exploration and Future Missions
NASA’s Perseverance rover and China’s Tianwen-1 mission are currently exploring Mars. Future missions, including potential human exploration, aim to uncover more about the planet’s history and habitability.
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