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Review Gematria Refigured A New Look At How The Torah Conveys Ideas Through Numbers by Rabbi Elie Feder PhD

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Gematria is a polarizing topic. While many love it, many others view it with skepticism.

What is the purpose of gematria?

Can we truly learn anything from the numerical representation of words?

What is beneath these creative yet apparently simplistic interpretations?

While jointly pursuing semichah and a PhD in mathematics, it seemed natural for Elie Feder to love gematria. However, he was bothered by these compelling questions. That is, until he discovered the purpose of gematria.

Name: TedM
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Enjoyable and enlightening
Date: Reviewed in the United States on October 12, 2022
Review: Rabbi Feder has used his fascinating journey to a new understanding of gematria as a way of presenting many deep ideas in a clear and easy to read manner. Each chapter brings new and profound insights not only to the method and wisdom in Chazal’s use of gematria, but more importantly, to the underlying topic beyond the gematria. Rabbi Feder’s analysis of these topics demonstrate his clear, incisive and original way of thinking. I look forward to more books by this author. I highly recommend this well written and enlightening book.

Name: fisch
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Unexpectedly Fascinating to a Skeptic
Date: Reviewed in the United States on April 16, 2023
Review: I'll start by saying I'm not really a gematria fan. I can't add numbers in my head so I can never check if the arithmetic is accurate. Not to mention that it's "ok" for it to be off by one and it seems like you can just make up anything you want. So I was curious to see if this book would change my mind.

The first thing I really enjoyed about it is that aside from each chapter being a standalone gem in its own right, it is overall the story of a mathematician talmid chochom who spent decades exploring gematria and finding a cohesive purpose and methodology to it. I almost enjoyed that journey as much as the explanation of the gematrias.

The author made an interesting (and to me, compelling) choice of addressing "famous" gematrias--ones that are from Rashi or chazal in gemara or midrash. So he's exploring more of the "back to basics" gematrias, the "original" gematrias. I think I was familiar with just about all of them (the 207 sons of Haman was a new one to me). So many famous gematrias and he asks the questions that have bothered me for years, EVERY time I come across them: what is the point? Is it more than a mnemonic?

I especially enjoyed how each chapter takes an aspect of gematria that I personally davka felt was nonsensical and explained how it ends up being purposeful. That really surprised me. He addresses off by a couple of numbers gematria, gematrias where you add up different pieces (e.g. 8 strings and 5 knots of tzitzis to the gematria of 600 ציצית, which isn't even a chiyuv--apparently you are yotzei with 2 knots!), and jumbling the letters gematria (taryag/garti), to name a few.

In the course of exploring gematria, the author ends up exploring a lot of fundamental mitzvos, stories, and points in Judaism. Come for the gematria, end up learning a lot about Torah and its wisdom.

Name: SD
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Innovative, thought-provoking, and quite interesting.
Date: Reviewed in the United States on December 1, 2022
Review: Gematria Refigured: A New Look at How the Torah Conveys Ideas Through Numbers (Mosaica Press, 2022), by Rabbi Dr. Elie Feder

Reviewed by Rabbi Reuven Chaim Klein (Rachack Review)

Many of us have long been turned off by the way that unsophisticated preachers and popular speakers have abused the modality of gematria (“alpha-numerical calculations”) to superficially “prove” all kinds of ideas that make us uncomfortable. On the one hand, we know that Chazal call gematria “toppings to wisdom” (Avos 3:18), yet on the other hand we’ve seen many unwise people harness gematria for all sorts of purposes. How do these two notions jibe?

Rabbi Dr. Elie Feder, a maggid shiur and professor of mathematics, offers a partial answer to this question in his excellent, thought-provoking book. He offers a framework that shows how Chazal (and especially Rashi’s commentary to the Pentateuch) used gematria in a very controlled way and for very specific purposes. He argues that Chazal understood that gematria is an appropriate exegetical/hermeneutical tool when used to unpack textual ambiguities in Tanach that must refer to a quantity, but do not explicitly do so. Meaning, when the Scripture uses a word in the exact context where we would otherwise expect it to provide a number, the rabbis understood that that word (or set of words) must be interpreted in a number-like fashion — that is, gematria, which empties a word of its semantic meaning and finds meaning through its numerical value.

Using this novel methodology, the twelve chapters of this fascinating book elucidate fifteen different cases in which Chazal invoked gematria as part of their textual interpretation.

To give one example, in Chapter 6, the author discusses the Talmudic assertion that the default duration of a Nazirite vow is thirty days (Nazir 5a). This rule is derived by way of gematria from the word tihiyeh in the verse, “all the days of his Nazirite vow, a razor shall not pass over his head; until the completion of the days that he had separated himself for God, he shall be (tihiyeh) holy ..." (Num. 6:5).

In explaining the logic behind this exegesis, Feder offers a scholarly analysis of the meaning of the Nazirite vow and follows the Maimonidean understanding that the Nazirite vow is a useful device to help wean a person from unbridled indulgence towards a more moderate lifestyle. After providing the reader with that background, Feder makes it clear how this would mean that the Nazirite vow, by its very nature, is only a temporary treatment that will help shift a person into the right gear. Yet, if the Nazirite vow is inherently only to be used as a temporary fix, why then does the Torah not provide us with a clear quantifiable amount of time that the vow is to last? In lieu of explicitly providing us with such a quantity, the Torah merely uses the vague term tihiyeh (“he shall be”) without qualification. As Feder explains it to us, it is precisely in cases like this where Chazal understood that the lexeme in question should be understood through a different paradigm than its normal semantic sense, and therefore they employed gematria to argue that since the alpha-numerical value of the word tihiyeh is thirty, the standard/default duration of a Nazirite vow is thirty days.

Rabbi Feder’s book is brimming with these sorts of well-grounded discussions and insights that support the argument that gematria (as used by Chazal) is not mere sophistry, but is a valid and sound methodological tool. Throughout the book, Rabbi Feder provides the reader with many other interesting thoughts about things like the names of God, the nature of idolatry, the story of Esther, and the prohibition of counting Jews. Time and again, the author stresses the importance of taking quantity into account (like when weighing one’s inevitably sins versus one’s deliberate mitzvos) and not just viewing things from a qualitative perspective. His ideas are clearly informed by the sort of Rationalist Judaism taught by his teacher Rabbi Israel Chait, and his analogies often draw from the world of science. In short, this book is innovative, thought-provoking, and quite interesting.