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How a DSLR camera works.

When light enters the camera lens of a digital SLR camera, a photographer sees their subject in the optical viewfinder via a reflection of that light from a mirror inside the camera body. When the photo is taken, the mirror swings out of the way and the light goes through to the digital image sensor, where the photo is captured on an SD card. This is different from mirrorless cameras, where the light goes directly to the image sensor and the photographer sees what they’re shooting via a rear LCD screen or an electronic viewfinder

Types of DSLR image sensors.

While different DSLR cameras have different sensor sizes, these sensors are still large enough to capture enough megapixels to blow your smartphone camera image quality out of the water. The two primary sensor types are full-frame and APS-C. Full-frame camera sensors, which match the size of 35 mm film, are the standard. APS-C sensors are slightly smaller, resulting in a lower focal length called “crop factor.” This smaller field of view can be compensated for with specific lens attachments, but it’s definitely a difference to keep in mind when researching your ideal APS-C or full-frame DSLR.

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