Baskadia

Development of Self-concept

Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood. This process continues throughout the lifespan. However, it is between early childhood and adolescence that self-concept experiences the most growth.

By age 2, children begin to differentiate themselves from others. By the ages of 3 and 4, children understand that they are separate and unique. At this stage, a child's self-image is largely descriptive, based mostly on physical characteristics or concrete details. Yet, children increasingly pay attention to their capabilities, and by about 6 years old, children can communicate what they want and need. They are also starting to define themselves in terms of social groups. 

Between the ages of 7 and 11, children begin to make social comparisons and consider how they’re perceived by others. At this stage, children’s descriptions of themselves become more abstract. They begin to describe themselves in terms of abilities and not just concrete details, and they realize that their characteristics exist on a continuum. For example, a child at this stage will begin to see himself as more athletic than some and less athletic than others, rather than simply athletic or not athletic. At this point, the ideal self and self-image start to develop.

Adolescence and Self-concept

Adolescence is a key period for self-concept. The self-concept established during adolescence is usually the basis for the self-concept for the remainder of one’s life. During the adolescent years, people experiment with different roles, personas, and selves. For adolescents, self-concept is influenced by success in areas they value and the responses of others valued to them. Success and approval can contribute to greater self-esteem and a stronger self-concept into adulthood. 

Recent studies have explored the relationship between adolescence and self-concept. One study found that adolescents reported higher levels of self-esteem than younger children, but that boys reported lower levels of self-esteem than girls (Goodman, 2010). Another study found that adolescents' self-concepts were influenced by their relationships with parents and peers (Huang, 2010). A third study found that adolescents' self-concepts were related to their academic performance (Gonzalez & Merenda, 2010). Finally, a fourth study found that adolescents who experienced high levels of stress were more likely to have lower levels of self-esteem (Schwartz et al., 2011). Taken together, these studies suggest that there is a connection between adolescence and self-concept. As a result, it imperative for parents and guardians to guide the adolescent boy or girl during these period, because whichever self-concept developed at this stage affects decisions taken about the future and has greater chances of affecting their adulthood.