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Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency, often referred to as a cryptocurrency. It was introduced in a 2008 whitepaper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by an individual or group of individuals using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin operates on a technology called blockchain, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions across a network of computers.

Key features of Bitcoin include:

1. *Decentralization:* Bitcoin operates on a peer-to-peer network, meaning there is no central authority or government controlling it. Transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded on the blockchain.

2. *Limited Supply:* Bitcoin has a capped supply of 21 million coins. This scarcity is designed to mimic the scarcity of precious metals like gold and is intended to control inflation over time.

3. *Mining:* Bitcoin transactions are verified and added to the blockchain through a process called mining. Miners use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical problems, and in return, they are rewarded with newly created bitcoins. This process helps secure the network.

4. *Cryptography:* Bitcoin uses cryptographic techniques to secure transactions and control the creation of new units. Public and private keys are used to facilitate secure transactions between parties.

5. *Anonymity:* While transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain are transparent and can be traced, users can maintain a level of pseudonymity. Wallet addresses, rather than personal information, are used in transactions.

Bitcoin is often used as a store of value and a medium of exchange. It has gained popularity as a speculative investment, and some people see it as a hedge against traditional fiat currencies and inflation. However, its value can be volatile, and regulatory developments can impact its use and acceptance.