A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, usually by plaque buildup.

Type 1: Blockage from a ruptured plaque.
Type 2: Oxygen supply-demand imbalance.
Symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea. Diagnosis requires ECG, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment includes medications like aspirin, angioplasty, or bypass surgery. Long-term prevention involves a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and cardiac rehab.