GOALS OF THE LEARNING PROCESS

Frinz Steven

14 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles

, created by the American Psychological Association (APA), focus on how people learn. They consider both internal and external factors that affect learning and apply to all learners in real-world situations. These principles are grouped into four main factors: Cognitive and Metacognitive Factor, Motivational and Affective Factor, Developmental and Social Factor and Individual Differences Factor. The goal is to make learning more effective and meaningful for everyone. On those 14 learner centered Psychological Principle, The principle 

 really best for me because it emphasizes that successful learners actively construct knowledge by setting clear learning goals, organizing information meaningfully, and receiving instructional support. The "Goals of the Learning Process" principle is 

 because it helps learners take control of their education by setting clear objectives and understanding what they need to achieve. When students have well-defined goals, they can focus their efforts, stay motivated, and track their progress. With proper support and guidance, they can also develop deeper understanding and meaningful connections between concepts over time. This fosters independent learning, critical thinking, and long-term retention of knowledge. I remember back in Grade 9, my teacher made me feel like I didn’t deserve to be an honor student just because I couldn’t speak well during my report. This might have been due to her constant performance tasks and activities, with little to no instructional materials provided to guide us. It was enough that she taught her lesson, but I admit that I was weak in her subject, which is why the goal of the learning process resonated with me as an educator. As a teacher, you should fully support your students and be willing to consider their struggles—but not to the point of spoon-feeding them. Instead of bringing students down, they should be motivated so they feel encouraged and develop a goal-oriented mindset.

How teacher can apply this principle in the classroom?

• Set instructional materials so the student visually understand the lesson.

• Provide clear learning objectives at the beginning of lessons.

• Encouraging students to set personal learning goals.

• Providing structured guidance and questions/feedback.

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