Pakistan Studies for Css

Educator

According to the 3rd June 1974 Plan the Provinces of the Punjab and 

Bengal were to be divided into Muslim and non-Muslim majority areas. The 

Muslim majority areas would become a part of Pakistan. A commission was 

assigned the duty to demarcate the boundaries of Muslim majority and Hindu 

majority areas of the Punjab and Bengal. The conspiracy was hatched and 

Pakistan was deprived of its true claims. Three Tehsils of District Guurdaspur 

namely Pakistan Kot, Batala and Gurdaspur and the Tehsil Zeera of District 

Ferozpur were included in India. Sir Radcliffee provided a land route to India 

to move into the valley of Jammu and Kashmir. The Two Head Works 

Ferozepur head works and Madhopur head works constructed on the land of 

West Punjab were also handed over the India. 

The Hindus working in offices situated in the areas of Pakistan migrated 

to India and the offices became empty. Furniture, stationery, typewriters and 

other necessary items were also not available in the offices. Most of the 

offices started their work under the open sky with no shelter. The Hindu 

officers had destroyed the records before going to India. The Government of 

Pakistan began its work under miserable conditions. How could it be done 

without experienced and trained officials? The nation accepted the challenge 

and performed the duties under odd circumstances. Pakistan had to take a 

Millions of Muslim families migrated to Pakistan. On the way to 

Pakistan, a very large number of Muslims were massacred and the properties 

were looted with the help of British forces. The number of the Muslims who 

finally crossed the border was more than 1,25,00,000. The oppressed and 

depressed Muslims were temporarily provided accommodations in camps. 

To rehabilitate the refugees in Pakistan was a very big task for the 

administration. The provision of shelter, clothing and food for them was a 

The Indian National Congress took every step to crush the withering 

economy of the new state. When the question of division of assets between 

the two separated countries was raised, the Hindus once again did not do 

justice with Muslims. The India government remained reluctant to pay the 

share of Pakistan out of the cash balance of four billions. The share of 

Pakistan was 750 million rupees. First installment of 200 millions issued at 

once but remaining amount was delayed illegally. India inspite of world 

pressure became ready to pay the amount if Pakistan would surrender 

Kashmir Valley to India. Gandhi interfered in the matter and partial payment of 

500 millions was released. The balance of 50 million has not been paid byIndia so far. A meeting was held in November 1947 in this context. The 

representatives of the two states signed a treaty but India took no action. 

It was imperative that the military assets were also to be divided 

between the two countries after the partition of the Sub-continent, 

proportionately. Here again the norms of justice were ignored and India 

refused to give the due share. Actually India wanted to keep Pakistan weak. 

The Chief of the Joint Forces of the Sub continent, Commander-in-chief field 

Marshall “Auchinluck” favoured the principle of no division of military assets. 

He wanted to continue them in joint command. All India Muslim League did 

not agree and pressurised for the division of military assets. It was decided 

that all military assets would be divided between the two states at the ratio of 

64% and 36%. Sixteen ordinance factories were producing weapons in the 

sub-continent at the time of partition. Not a single factory was situated in the 

area of Muslim majority. Indian Cabinet refused to shift any of the 16 factories 

to Pakistan. It was decided after long discussions and deliberations that India 

would make payment of 60 million rupees to Pakistan. 

The formula finalized for the division of military assets was not 

practically implemented due to stubborn attitude of Indian government. Field 

Marshal Auchinluck resigned from his office because of the negative and noncooperative attitude of the Indian government. The resignation further 

complicated the issue. This is how Pakistan was deprived of her legal and just 

share in military hardware. Any way all the soldiers were given the option to 

join either of the two for The Muslims expressed their desire to join Pakistan 

The natural flow of rivers in the province of Punjab was affected by the 

partition of the province. No state can change the course of the river and 

deprive another state of its water. The canals and barrages may be built but 

with the consent of the concerned state or states. India planned to build up 

dams and barrages and checked the flow of water to Pakistan in April 1948. 

This step affected the agriculture and economy of the West Punjab. The rivers 

Ravi, Sutlaj and Bias enter the territory of Pakistan from Indian side and they 

have been the major sources of irrigation in the area. Sir Radcliffe, in his 

unjust Award handed Ferozpur and Madhupur Head- works to India inspite of 

the fact that the project was working in Muslim majority area. 

 The matter was sorted out and the two countries were brought on the 

negotiation table. World Bank visualized the whole situation and promised to 

help Pakistan in the hours of crisis. A huge amount was allocated to solve the 

issue. Indus Basin Treaty was consequently signed in 1960, between the twocountries. Pakistan conceded three rivers (Ravi, Sutluj Bias) to India and 

reciprocally India left its claim on the waters of rivers Jhelum, Chenab and 

At the time of creation of Pakistan there were 635 small and big states. 

These states had given an open option to join Pakistan or India or remain 

independent. There were four states on which India take control by force and 

problem was arise because these state wanted to join Pakistan these state 

over Kashmir, Hayderabad, Junagargh and Monarader. 

Problem of Transfer of Government Servants 

 At the time of partition, the government employees were given the 

option to choose between the two countries. But in practice, this option 

became a formality as all government servants decided their future on 

religions considerations. The result was that Pakistan had to face enormous 

difficulties to evolve administrative machinery because to shift government 

personnel from Indian territories to Pakistan became a huge problem. Initially, 

special trains were run to bring them form Delhi to Pakistan but on 8th August, 

such a special train was blown up by dynamite. Three compartments were 

ripped into pieces while three were derailed. In this way, the transfer of 

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