Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys lose the ability to filter waste from the blood, often caused by diabetes, hypertension, and genetic factors like polycystic kidney disease. Key risk factors include obesity, aging, and certain medications. CKD progresses with complications such as proteinuria, cardiovascular disease, and electrolyte imbalances. Early detection and lifestyle changes, like managing blood pressure and diet, can slow the disease's progression.